What is the definition of Estoppel by Deed?

Estoppel by deed is a legal doctrine that prevents a party from asserting certain claims or facts that are inconsistent with their previous actions or written statements, especially related to property ownership. When S conveys property through a deed but later tries to assert that the conveyance was invalid or that they did not have good title at the time of the sale, they may be estopped, or barred, from benefiting from any false representations or warranties made at the time of the transaction. In this context, "S cannot benefit from a false warranty" accurately reflects this principle, as it emphasizes that S is bound by their prior representations regarding ownership and cannot later claim otherwise.

The other choices do not accurately capture the essence of estoppel by deed. For instance, denying ownership or retaining the right to challenge a transfer implies that S could assert conflicting claims post-conveyance, which contradicts the premise of estoppel by deed. Similarly, the notion of reclaiming property later suggests that S retains some rights that the doctrine specifically seeks to eliminate. Thus, recognizing that S cannot benefit from a false warranty is crucial to understanding the limitations imposed by estoppel by deed.