What happens if the seller's signature is absent in a transaction where the buyer is enforcing a contract?

The absence of the seller's signature in a real estate transaction does not automatically invalidate the contract because there are other factors that determine its enforceability. Generally, a contract can still be considered valid if there is evidence of the parties' intentions to be bound by its terms, such as written communication, conduct, or circumstances that demonstrate acceptance and agreement to the terms of the contract.

For instance, if the seller has taken actions that indicate acceptance—such as providing information for the closing process or accepting payments—these actions could be sufficient to support the enforcement of the contract despite the lack of a signature. Courts often look at the totality of circumstances and may enforce the agreement based on the behavior of the parties involved.

The other options involve misunderstandings about contract law. Simply lacking a signature does not render a contract void or imply it was only an oral agreement without further context. Automated assumptions based solely on signature absence do not account for the full legal landscape surrounding contract enforcement.